The increase of globulin level in the serum is mainly due to the increase of immunoglobulins, which indicates pathogenic infections. Malnutrition may decrease the levels of globulins in the serum. Albumin refers to a simple form of protein found in egg white, milk, and in particular blood serum while globulin refers to any group of simple proteins soluble in salt solutions, forming a large fraction of blood serum protein.
The level of serum albumin is 3. Albumin is a single protein while globulin is a group of serum proteins. The molecular mass of albumin is Albumin is soluble in water while globulin is only soluble in ammonium sulfate. Albumin is important in increasing the osmotic pressure of the blood while globulin can be enzymes, carrier proteins, complement proteins or immunoglobulins. This is an important difference between albumin and globulin.
The level of albumin in the serum only increases in acute dehydration while the level of globulin in the serum mainly increases due to the increasing immunoglobulin. Albumin is the most abundant serum protein, which is important in maintaining the osmotic pressure of the blood. Help find the cause of swelling of the ankles or belly or of fluid collection in the lungs that may cause shortness of breath. Globulin is tested to: Find out how well your body is able to fight off infection.
See if you have a rare blood disease, such as multiple myeloma or macroglobulinemia. How To Prepare In general, there's nothing you have to do before this test, unless your doctor tells you to. How It Is Done A health professional uses a needle to take a blood sample, usually from the arm.
How long the test takes The test will take a few minutes. How It Feels When a blood sample is taken, you may feel nothing at all from the needle. Risks There is very little chance of having a problem from this test.
Results A total serum protein test is a blood test that measures the amounts of total protein , albumin, and globulin in the blood. Normal The normal values listed here—called a reference range—are just a guide. Total serum protein Total protein: footnote 1 6. High globulin levels may be caused by: Diseases of the blood, such as multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma , leukemia , macroglobulinemia, or hemolytic anemia. An autoimmune disease , such as rheumatoid arthritis , lupus , autoimmune hepatitis , or sarcoidosis.
Kidney disease. Liver disease. Low values Low albumin levels may be caused by: A poor diet malnutrition. An autoimmune disease, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Gastrointestinal malabsorption syndromes, such as sprue or Crohn's disease. Hodgkin lymphoma. Uncontrolled diabetes. Heart failure. Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests , 4th ed. Predictive value of serum globulin levels for the extent of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.
J Viral Hepat. Trinchieri G. Cancer and inflammation: an old intuition with rapidly evolving new concepts. Annu Rev Immunol. Low albumin-to-globulin ratio associated with cancer incidence and mortality in generally healthy adults. Ann Oncol. Plasma fibrinogen and platelet count are referable tools for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection: a single-center retrospective cohort study. Plasma fibrinogen exhibits better performance than plasma D-dimer in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection: a multicenter retrospective study.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. Plasma fibrin degradation product and D-dimer are of limited value for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection. Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin-6 and procalcitonin in patients with periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Does serum interleukin-6 guide the diagnosis of persistent infection in two-stage hip revision for periprosthetic joint infection? Serum and synovial fluid interleukin-6 for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection.
Sci Rep. Combined measurement of D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels: Highly accurate for diagnosing chronic periprosthetic joint infection. Serum fibrinogen test performs well for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. Is hypoalbuminemia associated with septic failure and acute infection after revision total joint arthroplasty? A study of patients from the national surgical quality improvement program.
Malnutrition and the development of periprosthetic joint infection in patients undergoing primary elective total joint arthroplasty. Value of preoperative investigations in diagnosing prosthetic joint infection: retrospective cohort study and literature review. Scand J Infect Dis. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
All authors contributed to the interpretation of results and manuscript revision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Ziji Zhang or Puyi Sheng. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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Reprints and Permissions. Ye, Y. Serum globulin and albumin to globulin ratio as potential diagnostic biomarkers for periprosthetic joint infection: a retrospective review. J Orthop Surg Res 15, Download citation. Received : 14 May Accepted : 10 September Published : 07 October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection PJI has been increasingly documented; however, its preoperative accurate diagnosis remains challenging. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients who had undergone revision TJA between and 89 with aseptic mechanic failure and 38 with PJI.
Results Higher globulin levels odds ratio [OR], 1. Background Total joint arthroplasty TJA is a successful surgery to relieve pain and improve the quality of life. Materials and methods Study design and criteria of population Following approval by our institutional review board, we retrospectively reviewed patients who had undergone revision total hip or knee arthroplasties from December to November in our institution.
Diagnostic criteria and management protocol The clinical features of revision patients were comprehensively interpreted by the attending physician on admission. Data collection and laboratory examination A comprehensive review of clinical information was performed retrospectively. Statistical analysis Quantitative variables were depicted as mean with standard deviation while categorical data were described as number with percentage. Table 1 The baseline characteristics of patients undergoing revision surgery Full size table.
Table 2 The comparison of serum proteins between patients with aseptic and septic revision Full size table. Full size image. Availability of data and materials The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. References 1. Article Google Scholar 2. Article Google Scholar 3. Article Google Scholar 4. Article Google Scholar 5.
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