Carbon requires how many bonds

The X-ray diffraction pattern showed the unmistakeable five-sided pyramidal shape Angewandte Chemie , dx. Quantum calculations and other experiments suggested a six-bond carbon atom was possible, but the crystal structure serves as photographic proof, says Dean Tantillo at the University of California, Davis. In normal temperature and humidity, the molecule would break down immediately, so it is unlikely to have any practical applications, such as producing new types of carbon nanotubes. But Malischewski says he was just intrigued by the question of whether the molecule could even exist.

Simple covalent substances have low melting and boiling points because melting or boiling these substances overcomes weak forces between the molecules. However, giant covalent substances do not contain small molecules - for example, a crystal of diamond is a single covalent lattice. Melting or boiling giant covalent lattices requires covalent bonds to break.

Covalent bonds are strong, so a lot of energy is needed to break up giant covalent substances during melting and boiling. Giant covalent substances have no overall charge , nor do they contain free-moving ions or electrons , so most cannot conduct electricity.

Graphite, a form of carbon, which can conduct electricity, is an exception. Non-metal elements can form a covalent bond with another atom of the same element.

This happens in some non-metal elements, for example hydrogen or oxygen, when the atoms that join together are of the same element. The result is that carbon chemistry can support long-chain, complicated molecules that can function biologically. For more of the same see here.

Basically, the valency of any element gives you the exact idea about the no. Now, the question is why the bond formation is so important? The answer to that is the satisfaction of valency of the atom of the element so that it can achieve a stable electronic configuration. I can explain this to you even more with the help of a daily life example but please don't use this in any exam or any assignment.

Say Alisha do not have any friends, because of the lack of friends she is unhappy or you can say in an unstable state. To become happy in life she joins a dance class where she interacts with more people and gets to know more about them. Therefore, it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms or molecules. The simplest organic carbon molecule is methane CH 4 , in which four hydrogen atoms bind to a carbon atom Figure 1. However, structures that are more complex are made using carbon.

Any of the hydrogen atoms can be replaced with another carbon atom covalently bonded to the first carbon atom. In this way, long and branching chains of carbon compounds can be made Figure 2 a. The carbon atoms may bond with atoms of other elements, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus Figure 2 b.