Why did this make it difficult for ordinary people? Why were Luthers followers called Protestants? The Pope has no power to let people off of punishments; they must pay for their sins. He can only do so for penalties he or the Church has imposed. Pardoners are mistaken when they say that by their indulgence a person is freed and saved from all punishment.
They preach Man, not God, who says that the soul fled out of purgatory as soon as the money rattles in the chest. Why does not the Pope, whose riches are enormous, build the basilica of St.
Peter [Cathedral of the Pope in Rome] with his own money instead of taking it from poor believers? What was the purpose of the 95 Theses?
Where did he post the 95 Theses? Rewrite one of the 95 Theses above in your own words. Include the number of the thesis that you are rewriting. Luther took a stand against Johann Tetzel who was selling indulgences to pay for the rebuilding of St. Peters Cathedral in Rome. Indulgences: A pardon which released a sinner from performing the penalty a priest imposed for sins. On October 31, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg The 95 Theses were formal statements attacking.
Church teachings should be based on Bible not pope or Church traditions which could be corrupt or false. Pope Leo X threatened Luther with excommunication if he didnt take back his statements. In Luther returned to Wittenberg and his followers became known as Lutherans The princes in Germany that supported Luther banded together to. One very powerful supporter of Luther was the Duke of Saxony. He insisted that the Pope should send someone to Germany to answer Luthers arguments.
In Cardinal Cajetan went to Augsburg a city in Germany to argue with Luther; but this only resulted in Luther growing even more apart from the Catholic Church. In June , Luther made the claim the the authority of the Bible was greater than that of the Pope.
We see there is no gold, and almost no silver in the German land. What little there is left is taken away by the Church in Rome. Would you know, dear Germany, what they do with our money? It does not lie idle! They build marble homes.
They have precious stones, are clothed in purple and fine linen, and live in luxury. In short, a vast number of the worst men are supported in Rome in idle life by means of our money. How does the author of the primary sources support Luthers ideas? How do you think Luther would make his ideas known today? How would new ideas be spread before the invention of printing? How does printing help spread new ideas? Germany at the time was not one huge country as it is today, but a collection of very small independent countries all with their own rulers.
One man had the loyalty of all these German princes, and he was called the Holy Roman Emperor. This emperor was elected by a collection of Princes, Kings and Archbishopsall in Germany. But because of the election of the Holy Roman Emperor, it was two years before the Pope started to do anythingand in that time, support for Luther and his views increased.
Luther, relying upon the Duke of Saxonys protection, wrote and published new attacks on the Catholic faith. The Pope launched a most severe bull [law] against Luther and his supporters. Then Luther proclaimed the Pope himself a heretic. Not content with this, he publically burned all the books on Catholic law he could find in Wittenberg. The report of these events, spread throughout all Germany, stirred up the Germans against Rome.
If the Pope does not come to the relief of these evils, I fear, and I do very much fear, that this evil will spread so widely as to be absolutely incurable. Questions: 1. Describe Germany at the time of Luther using the description above. Why is Alfonso de Valdes the author of the Primary Source worried? Is de Valdes for or against Luthers Reformation?
The new Holy Roman Emperor was a very good Catholic and he decided that something had to be done to try and stop Luthers criticisms of the Church and the Pope. He called a meeting or Diet at Worms, a city near Mainz in Germany. He promised Luther that he would be safe if he went to this meeting. At the meeting the Holy Roman Emperor insisted that only the Pope had the authority to say what the Bible meantnot Luther or anyone else.
Luther refused to take back anything he had said. The whole point of the meeting, however, was to insist that only the Pope had the authority to say what the Bible meant, not Luther. As a result, Charles V issued the Edict of Worms. Here I stand. I can do no other. God help me. In like manner you shall proceed against his friends, patrons and followers. How does Martin Luthers statement prove that Luther was defying the Pope?
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The dialogue was printed in and was widely read. The papal nuncio at Madrid, Baldassare Castiglione , brought an accusation before the Inquisition , but the trial amounted to nothing because Charles V took his servant under his protection, while the grand inquisitor also declared that it was not heretical to speak against the morals of the pope and the priests. Consequently it was decided that the dialogue was not calumnious.
Valdes was full of enthusiasm for the ideas of Erasmus of Rotterdam and sought to gain currency for them in Spain. In he accompanied the emperor to Italy , Germany , and the Netherlands. In October, , he wrote from Brussels the letter of congratulation to the Catholics of Switzerland after the victory over Zwingli. He was the brother of Juan Valdes, the leader of the heretical movement in Naples , many of whose followers became apostates.
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