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However, as cars became more common in the s, the number of drivers increased, which led to an increase in the number of accidents. Driving skills thus became a necessary prerequisite to freely driving automobiles, and a system of driver's licensing and examinations was born. When the first automobiles were introduced at the start of the 20th century, anyone could drive them without restriction. Just as the earlier carriage or wagon driver needed no license, the first automobile drivers were free to take to the road without the government's permission.
Part of this freedom was due to the privacy of early automobile construction--many men and women simply built and attached their own engines to their wagons. Precursors to the driver's license are found in Chicago and New York City in Chicago required all automobile drivers to pass an exam in order to operate their vehicles, and a New York City ordinance stated that in order to drive a steam-powered car, the operator must be a licensed engineer.
The first driver's licenses were issued in by Massachusetts and Missouri. Early motorists were taught to drive by automobile salesmen, family and friends, or organizations like the YMCA. By the s, many high schools offered driver education. In the early s, many states issued vehicle license numbers but not license tags.
Vehicle owners made their own tags, often using house numerals and leather. By the late s license plates were made from porcelain enamel on steel, and then from stamped steel.
Sizes varied until , when a standard size was adopted nationwide. Garrett Morgan, an African American inventor, demonstrated this manually operated illuminated traffic signal in Cleveland, Ohio. In the s, traffic towers enabled police officers to see above trucks, trolleys, and heavy traffic as they operated signals.
By the s, congestion, accidents, and parking problems clogged city streets.
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